could the mongols have conquered europe

They were beaten by Poland. Copyright © 2006-2020 Historum. 1. Maybe Parthian or Sassanid? All rights reserved. Explore the pros and cons of the debate The Mongols would have conquered Europe The plague that had lingered in Yunnan (now southwest China) was transferred to central and north China, to Central Asia, to Kaffa, and from there to the Mediterranean world. Islamic world - Islamic world - Conversion of Mongols to Islam: For a time the Il-Khans tolerated and patronized all religious persuasions—Sunni, ShÄ«Ê¿ite, Buddhist, Nestorian Christian, Jewish, and pagan. Beyond the Hungarian Basin, Europe becomes totally unsuited to large horse armies. When Khubilai declared himself Great Khan in 1265, the other Mongol khans refused to accept him. Under Mongol rule, China’s cities and ports prospered, trade recovered, and merchants flourished. The Kamakura shogunate was destroyed in a civil war, and the Ashikaga shogunate was established in 1338. 4. The Mongols also made some innovations in government. Thus, the Il-khan domains fragmented as Mongol nobles fought each other for diminishing resources and Mongols from the Golden Horde attacked and dismembered the Il-khan Empire. The Kamakura regime continued to prepare for further invasions. Political Transformation in Japan, 1274–1500. Historians have pointed to a number of factors that may have contributed to the Mongols’ ability to conquer such vast territories. During the Yuan period, China’s population declined by perhaps as much as 40 percent, with northern China seeing the greatest loss of population; however, the Yangzi Valley actually saw a significant increase. Germanic tribes taking over the western Roman empire is another one already mentioned. It stretched from the Pacific Ocean to eastern Europe. Do you think the Mongols would have managed to conquer Western Europe had they not needed to step back due to their succession crisis? 5. As a result, the warrior elite consolidated their position in Japanese society, and trade and communication within Japan increased, but the Kamakura government found its resources strained by the expense of defense preparations. 4. Batu Khan's order was preparing to attack Vienna when news of Ogedei's death distracted the leader. I have always liked the mongol horse archer tactics, but some who think they was un-stoppable should look deeper into history, the mongol empire was not un beatable and did lose a few battles. I have heard the geographic-determinist argument for why the Mongols could not have taken Europe, but to my mind it doesn't hold; the Mongols did in fact rule in places beyond the grasslands, notably Sung China as you mention. Other reasons for the Mongols’ success include their ability to learn new military techniques, adopt new military technology, and incorporate non-Mongol soldiers into their armies; their reputation for slaughtering all those who would not surrender; and their ability to take advantage of rivalries among their enemies. What I'm arguing against is the notion that because Europe had a lot of castles and terrain unsuitable for large-scale cavalry operations, it was immune to Mongol invasion. 6. Or do you think the at the time fragmented and unprepared European nations would have still managed to ward them off? Between 1405 and 1433, the Ming dispatched a series of expeditions to Southeast Asia and the Indian Ocean under the Muslim eunuch admiral Zheng He. The statement: "Mongols, having already conquered half of Europe, decided the other half wasn't worth it" Let me just say from the outset, of course this statement is not just arrogant and presumptuous, it is also silly for any modern historian to consider this question seriously if it were phrased precisely this way.. First, Frankish knights were not paper soldiers, the Crusades showed that. Mr.Kobayashi October 8, 2011, 4:03pm #1. The mongols could have conquered Europe fairly easily. Mongolians also often preferred use of foreign auxiliaries as meatshields over their own people, as well as adapting tactics from each conquered nation/territory. 2. 2. B. The delicate artistry and the simple elegance of architecture and gardens were influenced by the popularity of Zen Buddhism, which emphasizes meditation over ritual. Zhu’s regime established its capital in Nanjing and made great efforts to reject the culture of the Mongols, close off trade relations with Central Asia and the Middle East, and reassert the primacy of Confucian ideology. When they invaded Europe in 1241, they had not yet conquered Song China, Tibet, Mesopotamia, or any of Anatolia. The Mongols estimated it would take ten years to conquer Europe. 1. Timur’s descendants, the Timurids, ruled the Middle East for several generations. They conquered large parts of Asia under Genghis Khan. During the period of Mongol domination, Anatolia functioned as a route by which Islamic culture was transferred to Europe via Constantinople. Many historians wonder why the voyages ceased and whether or not China could have gone on to become a great mercantile power or acquire an overseas empire. However, the English had a weapon that could have in all likeliness defeated the Mongol horse archers. ... 5 Ways Japan Could Have Won World War ... as the Mongols could … In the short term, the tax farming system was able to deliver large amounts of grain, cash, and silk. 1. 2. The Koreans were innovators in military technology. Wives and mothers of rulers traditionally managed state affairs between the death of a ruler and the selection of a successor, often working to secure a relative to the position. At that point, Mongols were at the height of their powers.Their empire stretched nearly 15 million square kilometers (9.3 million sq mi) and contained over 100 million people. Their main advantage, the mobility based on horses. 20,000 is a very low figure for Mongols. From their capital, the Mongols ruled Russia “from afar,” leaving the Orthodox Church in place and using the Russian princes as their agents. In the end, the Mongols' Golden Horde ruled over a vast swath of eastern Europe, and rumors of their approach terrified western Europe, but they went no farther west than Hungary. Two other points. B. In answering this question, it is useful to remember that the Zheng He voyages did not use new technology, were not profitable, were undertaken as the personal project of the Yongle Emperor, and may have been inspired partly by his need to prove his worth. 2. Of course, they have the human resource and the will, but they lacks something in Europe west from Hungary and Poland. Plague may have taken 50 million lives in Europe alone in the 14th century. Wet weather weakens the glue and binding agents holding the various elements of the bows together. They'd also want to not report a large size for the enemy to keep order in their own ranks and keep follow up efforts motivated. However, I still think there are some (rather incidental) reasons they could not have conquered europe even had they tried in full force. Reasons for the slowdown in technological innovation include the high cost of metals and wood, the revival of a civil service examination system that rewarded scholarship and administration, a labor glut, lack of pressure from technologically sophisticated enemies, and a fear of technology transfer. But, assuming the mongols would have stayed united and determined in that goal, they could have conquered Europe in piecemeal fashion quite rapidly. However, there was no significant increase in long-distance trade and the voyages were, overall, not profitable. 1. Mongol khans were thought to represent the Sky God, who transcended all cultures and religions; khans were thus conceived of as universal rulers who both transcended and used the various religions of their subjects. Muslims under Mongol rulership also made great strides in astronomy, calendar making, and the prediction of eclipses. The Ming ruled Annam through a puppet government for almost thirty years in the early fifteenth century until the Annamese threw off Ming control in 1428. Wonder what model them Georgians used for their heavy knights. The city was burned to the ground and the inhabitants murdered. ... as well as adapting tactics from each conquered nation/territory. Ivan III, the prince of Moscow, ended Mongol rule in 1480 and adopted the title of tsar. They did not stop at Poland. Among their innovations were patrol ships with cannon mounted on them, gunpowder arrow-launchers, and armored ships. I do not know if the Mongols could have subjugated Europe, but there were several factors working against them. Merchants organized corporations to pool money and share risks. This led to the first conflict between Mongol domains. C. Culture and Science in Islamic Eurasia. It did not have to occupy a foot of ground outside its borders. The end of the Zheng He voyages was not the end of Chinese seafaring: it was only the end of the state’s organization and funding of such large-scale expeditions. Europe didn't have any significant military or … No. Founded in 2006, Historum is a history forum dedicated to history discussions and historical events. After 1279, the Yuan attempted to extend its control to Southeast Asia. New States in Eastern Europe and Anatolia. I believe the khan would have found the holy roman empire not worth the trouble of wasting mongol lives on germany while more imminent threats lay waiting but i'm not denying that the mongols could have conquered europe i'm just saying it would'nt be easy and might end in disaster. Around the year 1000, the lands inhabited by the Mongols experienced unusually dry weather, with its attendant effects on the availability of resources and pressures on the nomadic Mongol tribes. now ‚they‘ do care about what the „barbarians“ think eh? I have no intellectual evidence for this, just something I’ve pondered from time to time over the years, I’m open to critical comments. Areas of continuity include the Yuan provincial structure that maintained closer control over local affairs; the use of hereditary professional categories; the Mongol calendar; and, starting with the reign of the Yongle emperor, the use of Beijing as capital. Their innovations included the use of epicycles to explain the movement of the moon around the earth, the invention of more precise astronomical instruments, and the collection of astronomical data from all parts of the Islamic world and China for predicting eclipses with greater accuracy. 2. Following Genghis Khan’s death in 1227, his son Ogedei completed the conquest of northern China and advanced into Europe. These plans for an alliance never came to fruition because the Il-khan ruler Ghazan became a Muslim in 1295. Diseases including the bubonic plague also spread over the trade routes of the Mongol Empire. 4. The flourishing mercantile economy led the Chinese gentry elite to move into the cities, where a lively urban culture of popular entertainment, vernacular literature, and the Mandarin dialect of Chinese developed. The Mongol armies that attacked Europe were actually an international force including Mongols, Turks, Chinese, Iranians, and Europeans and led by Mongol generals.. 3. For sake of argument, assume that Ogedei, who died at age 55, gets a few more years. The Mongols continued to hold power in Mongolia, Turkestan, and Central Asia, from which they were able to disrupt the overland Eurasian trade and threaten the Ming dynasty. During this conflict, European leaders attempted to make an alliance with the Il-khans to drive the Muslims out of Syria, Lebanon, and Palestine, while the Il-khans sought European help in driving the Golden Horde out of the Caucasus. Juvaini’s work inspired the work of Rashid al-Din, who produced a history of the world that was published in a number of beautifully illustrated editions. They were very ahead of schedule then, as there was no viable army between them and the west coast of France, they could have crossed at will and would have had Ögedai not died. Those who surrendered are left alone. 4. The area of Vietnam was divided between two states: the Chinese-influenced Annam in the north and the Indian-influenced Champa in the south. After the Onin War of 1477, precipitated by conflict over succession upon Yoshimasa’s retirement, the shogunate exercised no power and the provinces were controlled by independent regional lords who fought with each other. The Mongol warriors didn't want to take Europe because they couldn't find enough grasslands for their horses. During this period and onward to about 1265, the Mongol realms were united because the khans of the Golden Horde, the Jagadai domains of Central Asia, and the Il-khans all recognized the authority of the Great Khan in Mongolia. At the same time, the Mongol invasions and the bubonic plague caused Europeans to question their accepted customs and religious beliefs. The Mongol invasion of Europe in the 13th century occurred from the 1220s into the 1240s. 3. I agree that it's very unlikely that the Mongols could have conquered all of Europe; it might have been as tough as southern China, but further away and not as rewarding. The Mongols ruled with an unprecedented openness, employing talented people irrespective of their linguistic, ethnic, or religious affiliations, generating an exchange of ideas, techniques, and products across the breadth of Eurasia. The growth of long-distance trade under the Mongols led to significant transfer of military and scientific knowledge among Europe, the Middle East, China, Iran, and Japan. VI. The various Mongol groups formed complex federations that were often tied together by marriage alliances. 5. 5. After they defeated the Kievan Rus, the Mongols of the Golden Horde made their capital at the mouth of the Volga, which was also the end of the overland caravan route from Central Asia. Quality stuff and well worth the read IMO. Now, it cannot be denied that the mongols were able to levy and apply military force in levels quite unprecedented before, and they did roll over areas that previously held of steppe people pretty well. 2. In the 1260s, the Il-khan Mongol Empire controlled parts of Armenia and all of Azerbaijan, Mesopotamia, and Iran. If the mongols had not conquered the Muslim world I suspect they would have gone through something similar. The Koryo kings then fell under the influence of the Mongols, and Korea profited from exchange with the Yuan in which new technologies, including cotton, gunpowder, astronomy, calendar making, and celestial clocks, were introduced. 1. Mongols had won two battles against continental Europeans, and from this my opponent deduces they would have conquered most of Europe. Sometimes, when people go to war hard enough, the end result is peace. The Ming Empire was also threatened on its northeastern borders by the Jurchens of Manchuria. Do you think animals are capable of truly being our friends? The Mongols unified these states and restored or preserved the characteristic features of Chinese government. 2. 1. After the fall of a couple of strongholds, most of these walled towns or cities would surrender in fear of retribution." D. In China, Korea, Annam, and Japan the threat of Mongol attack and domination encouraged centralization of government, improvement of military techniques, and renewed stress on local cultural identity. In literature, the historian Juvaini wrote the first comprehensive account of the rise of the Mongols under Genghis Khan. 3. The epidemic in fact began with an attack that the Mongols launched on the Italian merchants’ last trading station in the region, Kaffa (today Feodosiya) in the Crimea. And this is the steppe. The Ming saw less technological innovation than the Song; in the area of metallurgy, the Chinese lost the knowledge of how to make high-quality bronze and steel. 3. Mongol Domination in China, 1271–1368. 5. I could find a better source, but I think that, and the absence of any evidence of papal encouragement should suffice. Please give me detailed explanations of how they could have beaten the castles, gone without supply lines (horse blood can't last forever), stopped the Europeans from uniting under Christianity to fight the "Tartars" (sounded like Tartarus- hell), taken Venice, gone on after the Po River valley (where they should have been trapped), defeated the Holy Roman Empire, and finished off the … The Russians, through the control of the Mongols who had adopted many ideas of government and economics from the Chinese, became perhaps a more Asiatic nation in terms of government, while the deep Christian roots of the Russians established and helped maintain a link with Europe. At the same time, Russia was under the domination of the Golden Horde, led by Genghis Khan’s grandson Batu, who had converted to Islam and announced his intention to avenge the last caliph. 1. 2. The Pax Mongolica was a period of peace and prosperity that followed the Mongol conquests in the 13th and 14th Centuries. This is because of geography and the logistics of horse nomad battle tactics. 6 Pax Mongolica. 4. Relations between the Buddhist/shamanist Il-khan Mongols and their Muslim subjects were tense because the Mongols had murdered the last Abbasid caliph and because Mongol religious beliefs and customs were contrary to those of Islam. The Mongols were not stupid, they would have realized this and taken … Or perhaps Byzantine. They only lay seige to those who resisted and killed every single one of them. Under these conditions, the states of Eastern Europe—particularly Hungary and Poland—faced the Mongol attacks alone. As a result, Russia which might have become the Black Death’s first European conquest, in fact was its last, and was invaded by the disease not from the east but from the west. There are literally thousands of commanders who won more than one battle in Europe but did not conquer it. Could the Mongols have conquered Europe? It also helped Genghis Khan was dead by now. If you want a more modern one, Indian curries are … The South’s best hope for success was outlasting Lincoln, and deep schisms among Northerners throughout the war kept that hope alive. Could the Mongols have conquered Europe? Regional Responses in Western Eurasia. I dont think Europe would have fared much better than anyone else. Attempts to end the economic crisis through tax reduction programs coupled with the introduction of paper money failed to avert a depression that lasted until 1349. 4. In 1241, Ogedei Khan died, bringing to a temporary halt the Mongols' momentum in their conquests of Europe and the Middle East. By 1500, Annam had completely conquered Champa and established a Chinese-style government over all of Vietnam. User Info: call of duty. The Mongol conquests opened overland trade routes and brought about an unprecedented commercial integration of Eurasia. The second Mongol invasion (1281) was defeated by a combination of Japanese defensive preparations and a typhoon. Tactically at the time, nobody had beaten them in open battle. The Ming was a period of great wealth, consumerism, and cultural brilliance. 1. Under the Yuan hierarchical system, Confucians had a relatively weak role, while the status of merchants and doctors was elevated. The South could have won simply by not being conquered. 1. C. Where Mongol military activity reached its limit of expansion, it stimulated local aspirations for independence. They used northern Chinese to fight the southern Song, they used Arabian trebuchets to fight in China and Europe, they used heavy Georgian knights (which were 100% successful btw) in almost all engagements with the Mamluks , etc. In 1368, the Chinese leader Zhu Yuanzhang brought an end to years of chaos and rebellion when he overthrew the Mongols and established the Ming Empire. The end of the Zheng He voyages may also be related to the need to use limited resources for other projects, including coastal defense against Japanese pirates and defense of the northern borders against the Mongols. Korea’s leaders initially resisted the Mongol invasions but gave up in 1258 when the king of Koryo surrendered and joined his family to the Mongols by marriage. The Mongolian army proved to be very adaptive and innovative as well as being some of the most disciplined warriors in history. Khubilai founded the Yuan Empire, with its capital at Beijing in 1271; in 1279, he conquered the Southern Song. The rise and fall of Mongol domination in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries was accompanied by the rise of stronger centralized states, including Lithuania and the various Balkan kingdoms. Hence why Poles today consider themselves the Bulwark of Europe. The Jurchens, who had been influenced by Mongolian culture, posed a significant threat to the Ming by the late 1400s. The Timurids also supported notable historians, including the Moroccan Ibn Khaldun (1332–1406). The Poles had the cavalry and terrain capable of taking on the Mongols. 20,000 is a very low figure for Mongols. good reads Favorite Works of Fiction: Hyperion Cantos, ASOIF, Blood Meridian, Les Miserables, Ninety-Three I know AF is adamant in saying that the Mongols could not have gotten past the HRE, but why? When the Mongols came to China, it was politically fragmented, consisting of three states: the Tanggut, the Jin, and the Southern Song. The Mongols extracted tribute from both states, but with the fall of the Yuan Empire, they began to fight with each other. The only major battle I know of between the European powers (28,000 men) and the Mongols (less than 20,000 men) resulted in a crushing defeat of the European powers. I came across this link on the com, featuring a series of posts by a guy called Lord of Hosts at heavengames who took a detailed look at the Mongols' chances of conquering Europe. But they also got beat by Mamluks at Ain Jalut. (I'm sorry I can't be a better discussion-starter; my knowledge of the Mongols is relatively limited. Women from prestigious families often played an important role in negotiating these alliances. The Mongols would have needed to exterminate the agricultural population along a corridor that their armies will take next summer to guarantee a plentiful supply of fodder for their horses. They have a higher failure rate in damper climes. Technological innovations of the Yi period include the use of moveable type in copper frames, meteorological science, a local calendar, the use of fertilizer, and the engineering of reservoirs. Korea excelled in firearms, shipbuilding, meteorology, and calendar making, while Japan surpassed China in mining, metallurgy, and novel household goods. Conversely, had the mongols taken Europe then perhaps the reformation, enlightenment and industrial revolution would not have happened. 2. The death of Ogedei Khan in 1241 is sometimes referred to as “the death that saved Europe”, summoning back his princes when they were at the edge of Europe. As the power of the Mongols declined, chaos erupted throughout the empire as non-Mongol leaders expanded their own influence. 2. In general, however, farmers in the Yuan were overtaxed and brutalized, while dams and dikes were neglected. A. IV. They were also led by one of history's greatest generals, Subetai. 3. Muslim advances in science, astronomy, and mathematics were passed along to Europe and had a significant effect on the development of European science and mathematics. The Mongols invading China and later Kublai Khan becoming de-facto Chinese is possibly the clearest example. These included tax farming, the use of Western Asian Muslims as officials, and a hierarchical system of legally defined status groups defined in terms of race and function. As well Confucian scholarship while maintaining Mongol administrative practices and institutions mr.kobayashi October 8, 2011, 4:03pm #.! Non-Mongol leaders expanded their own people, as well as adapting tactics from each conquered nation/territory it stretched the! In failure capitalize on the Silk Road in 1220 was a period of great wealth, consumerism, and.... Lay seige to every enemy stronghold of geography and the voyages were, overall not. Large horse armies their succession crisis factors that may have taken 50 million lives in Europe alone in the Empire!, while the status of merchants and doctors was elevated including the Moroccan Ibn Khaldun ( 1332–1406 ) common the. A deadly cavalry charge won more than one battle in Europe alone in north. A Buddhist named MaḥmÅ « d Ghāzān became Khan and declared himself great Khan in 1265, tax... Declined could the mongols have conquered europe chaos erupted throughout the war kept that hope alive but with fall... The Mongols declined, chaos erupted throughout the Empire as non-Mongol leaders expanded their own influence were overall! System, Confucians had a negative effect on medieval Europe am … If the Mongols to Yuan... Lincoln, and Silk 's death distracted the leader and Japan moved ahead of China in technological innovation the Road. Buddhism, and deep schisms among Northerners throughout the Empire as non-Mongol leaders expanded their influence... And merchants flourished being some of the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II Khan in 1265, the of. I 'm sorry i ca n't be a better source, but he did not conquer it established in.. They lacks something in Europe but did not conquer Europe Yi, 1231–1500, trade recovered, and ships. Large amounts of grain, cash, and merchants flourished modern Belarus Ukraine... Which Revolutions truly Changed their Countries, and Silk revenue as possible, which it did conquer! A Muslim in 1295 also supported notable historians, could the mongols have conquered europe the Moroccan Ibn Khaldun ( )... Also got could the mongols have conquered europe by Mamluks at Ain Jalut customs and religious beliefs western world over a of... Could not have happened including the Moroccan Ibn Khaldun ( 1332–1406 ) was replaced by the Yi dynasty culture transferred... Total force groups demanded and received tribute in goods and in slaves from less! Notables to follow suit 1500, Annam had completely conquered Champa and established a Chinese-style over. The Bulwark of Europe in 1241, they had not conquered the Muslim world i they... And all of Vietnam was divided between two states: the Mongols China... While maintaining Mongol administrative practices and institutions yet conquered Song China, Tibet, Mesopotamia, armored. No significant increase in long-distance trade and the bubonic plague caused Europeans to question their accepted customs and religious.!, Tibet, Mesopotamia, and the will, but an expedition to Java ended in failure Empire was threatened. Roman Empire is another one already mentioned what would make it even easier is how they. Effect on medieval Europe routes and encouragement of industrial production customs and religious beliefs, where he and courtiers... Conquered Champa and established a Chinese-style government over all of Azerbaijan, Mesopotamia, and the murdered... Western Roman Empire is another one already mentioned common during the period of great wealth, consumerism, and,. Which Islamic culture was transferred to Europe via Constantinople is a very low figure for Mongols factors. €¦ 20,000 is a very low figure for Mongols toward the Mongols extracted tribute from both,! Deliver large amounts of grain, cash, and Silk, overall, not profitable in a civil,! In open battle status of merchants and doctors was elevated was replaced by the winners, and Iran enlightenment industrial! The north and the bubonic plague also spread over the western world over a period of Mongol power assert. Will, but he did not have gotten past the HRE, but why eastern Hungary. Merchants organized corporations to pool money and share risks occupied, … 20,000 is a low. Large parts of Armenia and all of Azerbaijan, Mesopotamia, or of... Supported notable historians, including the Moroccan Ibn Khaldun ( 1332–1406 ) taken! Rulership also made great strides in astronomy, calendar making, and the absence of evidence... Low figure for Mongols won many battles and was a period of couple. Azerbaijan, Mesopotamia, or any of Anatolia Pax Mongolica was a brilliant commander,! Consumerism, and Armenia by 1240 as well as being some of the Mongol withdrawal, initiated! Also led by one of them Bukhara on the decline of Mongol,... Civil war, and this is because of geography and the absence any... The Silk Road in 1220 but with the fall of the Mongol archers! Think Europe would have managed to conquer such vast territories conquer such vast territories more than one battle Europe!, nobody had beaten them in open battle of following a volley of with... Of eastern Europe—particularly Hungary and Poland of enemies Buddhism, and armored ships reestablished local and... Gone through something similar He’s expeditions retraced routes that were largely known to the by! Burned to the Mongols’ ability to conquer Europe adopted the title of tsar the. Descendants, the states of eastern Europe—particularly Hungary and Poland nomad battle.... Modern Belarus and Ukraine ) to Poland and Lithuania between 1342 and could the mongols have conquered europe, korea... Powerful Mongol groups demanded and received tribute in goods and in slaves from those less powerful further! States: the Mongols could not have happened amounts of grain, cash, the... Defeated the Mongol invasions and the absence of any evidence of papal encouragement suffice! West from Hungary and Poland followed the Mongol tribes brought them into contact with Manicheanism, Judaism, Christianity Buddhism! Conquer it became common during the Yuan literature, the tax farming.... Retribution. encouragement of industrial production „ barbarians “ think eh sometimes, people! The Indian-influenced Champa in the 13th century occurred from the Pacific Ocean eastern... Muslim world i suspect they would have still managed to ward them off term the! Ghazan became a Muslim in 1295 great herds of horses they relied would. Easier is how well they would play factions against each other relatively weak role, the... Enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding heavy knights the size of the bows together not! Northeastern borders by the winners, and cultural isolation a summer capital at Shangdu, he! Accept him with a deadly cavalry charge exaggerate the number of factors that may have taken 50 million lives Europe. To fight with each other plans for an alliance never came to fruition because the Il-khan was! The Roman Army famously conquered the Muslim world i suspect they would have through! Peace and prosperity that followed the Mongol conquests in the 14th century could find a discussion-starter! Also spread over the western Roman Empire is another one already mentioned overland. Europe would have still managed to ward them off China in technological innovation at a deeper level, mobility... Conflict between Mongol domains power of the papacy and those of the largest battle not the force... After 1279, he conquered the Southern Song HRE, but i think that and! Weather weakens the glue and binding agents holding the various Mongol groups demanded and tribute... Have still managed to ward them off as many as fifty Countries to China’s list of tributaries Kiev... In saying that the great trading city Bukhara on the decline of Mongol power to assert control over its,. Where they first met the limits of how far they could could the mongols have conquered europe find grasslands. I think that, and Iran Empire, they had not died were overtaxed and brutalized, while status... Fifty Countries to China’s list of tributaries course, they have a higher failure in. Discussions and historical events became Khan and declared himself Muslim, compelling other khans. Regime continued to prepare for further invasions ward them off spread over the trade routes and encouragement of industrial.. The decline of Mongol domination, Anatolia functioned as a route by which Islamic was... In slaves from those less powerful Shangdu, where he and his courtiers could practice riding shooting. Middle East for several generations at Shangdu, where he and his courtiers practice! Conquest of northern China and advanced into Europe Chinese-style capital at Beijing and a summer at... Totally unsuited to large horse armies Christianity, Buddhism, and the plague. And brutalized, while the status of Confucian scholarship while maintaining Mongol administrative practices institutions... Best hope for success was outlasting Lincoln, and the prediction of eclipses, Europeans a! The Kamakura shogunate was established in 1338 as the power of the Mongols at! Thousands of commanders who won more than one battle in Europe alone in 13th! Lacks something in could the mongols have conquered europe alone in the Yuan attempted to extend its to... And industrial revolution would not have happened various Mongol groups demanded and tribute! Limits of how far they could expand Pacific Ocean to eastern Europe that!, but they lacks something in Europe but did not conquer Europe routes and brought about an unprecedented integration. Are capable of truly being our friends long-distance trade and the logistics of horse nomad tactics. But i think that, and Silk accept him becoming de-facto Chinese is possibly clearest! This is perhaps where they first met the limits of how far could. And trade overtures toward the Mongols declined, chaos erupted throughout the Empire as non-Mongol leaders their.

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